George Washington and Benjamin Franklin Essay

George Washington is a revered figure in history. He was the first President of the United States and one of its beloved Founding Fathers. He was â€Å"Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army upon whose victory the thirteen colonies depended to secure their separate and equal station among the powers of the earth† (Rediscovering George Washington, 2002, Introduction, para. 2). The usual facts aside, George Washington is a study of contrasting character traits, modesty and pride. Washington lived up to his legendary self with an immense awareness of who he was. In the book, Portrait of America (Oates & Errico, 2003), Gordon S. Wood points that Washington’s greatest asset is his character; that he was representative of the 18th-century iconic image of a great man of virtue (Essay #10, II, para. 7 & 8). The eighteenth century was a very different era in many respects from the present that his personal concerns then may sound preposterous now. For example, Wood (2003) detailed that Washington was notoriously aloof in keeping with the image of a classical hero (III, para. 5), something that is bane nowadays for someone who occupies or dreams of coveting the highest office of the land. Wood (2003) exposed that Washington was very meticulous of himself especially in the company of others constantly cultivating the ideals of being a proper gentleman from his physical bearings to his personal manners(II, para. 15). He certainly considered his reputation his treasure and he protected it all his life (III, para. 6). There lies his enigma, the possession of two contrasting traits, modesty and pride. Wood (2003) further emphasized that it was his moral character that set him off from other men (II, para. 7). This moral steadfastness has served him well in tempting moments. It is worthy to know that Washington acknowledged but was quite insecure about his lack of formal education compared to his learned peers. Self-criticism impeded his actions like his refusal to travel to France finding to have a conversation through an interpreter indignant to a man of his stature, as Wood (2003, II, para. 16) pointed out. This shortcoming produced a very modest man who had the humility to surrender his powers and retreat from public life, an unprecedented act in the Western world (Wood, 2003, III, para. 2) and which only enhanced his image of greatness. Throughout history, the intoxication of power has often cultivated greed out of its possessors. Coming out of retirement and leading the Philadelphia Convention in 1787, Washington’s untarnished reputation was crucial to the ratification of the proposed Constitution. His reputation then at stake, he worked hard to have it ratified (Wood, 2003, IV, para. 1). This was the typical Washington work ethic: a concern for validation of his deliberate act in the eyes of his peers then and for the future generation. Being the President of a young nation, Wood (2003) pointed that â€Å"Washington was keenly aware that everything he did would set precedents for the future† (V, para. 1). His political contributions are still pervasive today, a testament to his leadership endurance. Wood (2003) concluded that Washington was responsible for establishing the president’s independent role and for making him a dominant figure in the government. He also set the Senate’s limited advisory role to the president in the making of treaties and the appointment of officials. Most importantly, he single-handedly institutionalized the two-term limit of the presidency that it was included in the 22nd amendment to the Constitution in 1951 (V, para. 2, 3, & 7). Another outstanding Founding Father who is best known for his scientific pursuits than his understated political contribution is Benjamin Franklin. In Portrait of America (Oates & Errico, 2003), Richard B. Morris (Essay #6) described Franklin at the beginning of his essay as â€Å"deceptively simple and disarmingly candid, but in reality a man of enormous complexity†. Like George Washington, Franklin was also concerned about living a virtuous life although he was a much more relaxed character than the famous general. Franklin is one who â€Å"seems made of flesh rather than of marble† (Isaacson, 2003). Both bettered themselves through purposeful self-improvement to make up for their lack of formal education. Franklin was blessed with a myriad of talents he used wisely: he was a writer, printer, entrepreneur, skilled negotiator, diplomat, scientist. He espoused such virtues of diligence, frugality, self-discipline, honesty. He loved making lists and the most significant of such is â€Å"as a young man, he made a list of personal virtues that he determined should define his life† (Isaacson, 2006). Franklin used his pen for his causes proving the commonly known expression, the pen is mightier than the sword. As a prolific writer Franklin wrote under the pseudonyms Mrs. Silence Dogood, a character that showed â€Å"the quintessential genre of American folksy humor† (Isaacson, 2006) then later showed more of his humorous side as Poor Richard Saunders for his annual almanac. Satirical writing is still in practice today especially in the criticism of public figures. His affable nature enabled him to successfully temper dissension during the heated deliberations of the proposed Constitution. He was against tyranny especially slavery despite him having black slaves in 1757. He never hesitated to promote his advocacy for freedom of the press and expression, still very much one of the prevalent rights issues in society today. References Isaacson, W. (2003, June 29). Citizen Ben’s Great Virtues. Time Magazine Online. Retrieved October 16, 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www.time. com/time/2003/franklin/bffranklin. html. Morris, R. B. (2003). Meet Dr. Franklin. In Oates, S. B. , & Errico, C. J. (Eds. ), Portrait of America: Volume One: To 1877 8th Edition (Essay # 6). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Rediscovering George Washington (2002). PBS. Retrieved October 16, 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www. pbs. org/georgewashington/father/index. html. Wood, G. S. (2003). The Greatness of George Washington. In Oates, S. B. , & Errico, C. J. (Eds. ), Portrait of America: Volume One: To 1877 8th Edition (Essay # 10). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Change over Time Man’s Impact on the Environment Essay

Mankind had many impacts throughout history economically and socially. One significant impact that arose because of changing economic and social pleasures was the effect mankind had on the environment. Mankind’s impact on the environment changes from the Agricultural Revolution through the 19th century in that man destroys more of the environment as industrialization progresses. Industrialization of the environment started out small with One of the first changes is the improvement of roads throughout the lands. European businesses worked to facilitate manufacturing goods so new road designs were built and old ones were extended. The impact was that transportation of raw materials was made easier to get into the factories where they would be used to create products. This change occurred because the increased profits that would come from a faster production. Canals were also built in places where the land was able to be dug through to make a new body of water. The canals would make transportation of materials to other locations easier without having to unload cargo from ships to cross a land barrier. The impact was the ships could pass through land barriers thanks to the canals and transport their cargo in less time. This change occurred because of the need to transport important cargo from ships in less time. Another change to the environment was from the smoke that polluted the air that came from factories. Smoke would rise into the air funneled out from the factories that would produce fumes as byproducts from manufacturing. The impact it had on society was that people near factories or workers had to breathe in lesser quality air. This change occurred because of the manufacturing boom that led to the creation of factories and their large amounts of toxic byproducts. Chemicals also had a role in affecting the environment in their own way. Chemical byproducts from factories would be dumped into nearby bodies of water to serve as an easy way to dispose of waste. The impact was that water quality decreased in places where chemicals were dumped and dangerous in some cases. This change occurred because of the factories’ profit minded owners who were worried about money rather than how dumping would affect water. The farming of coffee and cotton plants for monetary gain eroded the soil. Farmers would constantly plant these crops in patches of farmland to quickly grow the crops for money without giving the land time to recover which would slowly erode the soil. The impact was that in many cases some farmland was made infertile for many years before things  could be grown again. This change occurred because of the high demand for both coffee and cotton. The beginning of the construction of the Panama Canal in 1903 saw an enormous effort to move giant quantities of Earth. Thousands of workers worked to dig their way through the earth to cut a can through to one side of Panama to the other in order to allow ships to pass through without having to circle around South America to reach east coast North America. This change occurred because the time that would be saved from being able to cut through directly from the Pacific to the Atlantic. A continuity that remained with the environment was farming the land in many places. People would always need to farm to grow food and different types of crops. Mankind would work the land and plant seeds to grow the ingredients for foods that are needed for survival. This continuity remained because people need food and food starts with ingredients from grown crops. Through the process of industrialization mankind has made much progress but at the expense of the environment. The environment is more of an obstacle that needs to be moved in order to continue the progression of mankind. Mankind’s impact on the environment changes from the Agricultural Revolution through the 19th century in that man destroys more of the environment as industrialization progresses.

The Case of American Apparel(a Clothing Manufacturer)

Two Practices in Business related to the topic from Business Magazines. The case of American Apparel(a clothing manufacturer): Charney squarely declares : â€Å"I've had relationships, loving relationships, that I'm proud of. I think it's a First Amendment right to pursue one's affection for another human being. † And he is talking about his staff. He has admitted to having numerous love affairs with colleagues in the past. He is even known to work at office dressed in nothing other than underwear. This attitude in fact percolates to American Apparel’s culture, is almost second-nature for most of the employees and is visible even in the decor of its stores. The stores' white walls are dotted with product shots. Like the company's signature advertisements, these are grainy, seemingly candid photos of young people in various states of undress. Charney has been adept at weaving his libertarian sexual attitude with his progressive labor practices. But to make it the gospel or the bedrock principle for it to be followed by ALL of its employees is another story. In May 2005, he was sued by three women — all former American Apparel employees — who claim they were sexually harassed by him at work. Businessweek spoke to multiple employees of American Apparel to gather an understanding of the under-currents of their workplace. Most stated that the place reeks of a highly sexual atmosphere and they were offended by it. So much so that Mr. Charney himself does not deny a report that precluded the sexual harassment case filed, which reported that he engaged in graphic sexual acts with a female employee in presence of the journalist. Seniors actively pursued sexual relationships with the junior colleagues and rewarded them accordingly. Yet, there are people with sound sense everywhere and there were 3 women employees who complained of sexual harassment. They consequently filed a case against Mr. Charney. He came out in his defense flatly refuting the charges against him and claimed that these 3 women were sub-standard employees and gave no indication before they left that they had felt harassed. By all accounts, the 3 litigants were not involved with him physically. Yet, all 3 accused Mr. Charney of using foul and unparliamentary language frequently when conversing with them. They also said that this offended and shocked them and created â€Å"a hostile work environment. † One of the women stated that her boss made her work life miserable with unwelcome sexual comments and suggestive signals. And she says she was dismissed after she complained. One of the purposes that this case serves is that it clearly illustrates the role of perception of sexual harassment at workplace. Business owners, managers and the business culture they propagate are critical components of any no-tolerance plan regarding sexual harassment. Should harassment occur, evidence needs to be provided that appropriate steps are undertaken to prevent and handle the incident. This is why a sexual harassment policy is critical. However, in American Apparel’s case, instead of a robust policy to take care of any potential sexual harassment case, the CEO of the firm himself indulged in harassing his exployees. This resulted in the perception that has come to be recognized now with the name of American Apparel. The company even maintains a string of apartments in the U. S. and Canada to save money on hotel rooms for obvious purposes. Any potential employee now goes looking for a job in A. A. knowing fully well the attitude of the firm towards sexual and suggestive behaviour in the workplace. Practices in business related to sexual harassment: Sexual harassment training programs: As much as 62% of all US businesses now offer some kind of sexual harassment prevention training programs for employees: managers and subordinates alike. Though not a legal requirement for any business(yet), these programs do tend to serve as an assurance in the minds of the employers that should there be a case of sexual harassment at work, they do have a recourse, a channel to address it. And to protect them in case a lawsuit is filed. Some reports suggest that sexual harassment cases are increasingly on the rise. Not only this, the reports also suggest that the harassment has reached the higher levels of management, as in the case of American Apparel. Keeping this in mind, it becomes all the more imperative and necessary for a firm to adopt a sexual harassment prevention policy. It is imperative that an employee is provided a safe and comfortable environment to work in. In â€Å"Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: A Primer†, Barry Roberts and Richard Mann recommend that businesses need to understand sexual harassment; communicate a policy; enforce a policy; establish procedures; and enforce policy. In that respect, a sexual harassment training program plays an all important role. For a policy or set of grievance procedures to be effective, all employees, from upervisors to line workers, administrators to custodial staff, need to be knowledgeable about the company's policy and grievance procedures. Sexual harassment training needs to be very explicit in explaining the laws pertaining to sexual harassment, clearly define and describe the company’s policy and its grievance procedure. Effective programs reflect good teac hing and learning practices. They are descriptive, intensive, relevant, and positive (Berkowitz 1998): –They require the involvement of all members of a company or school and include family and community members who have an influence on the employees' or students' life. -They offer participatory, problem-based learning experiences that are interactive and actively engage the student in learning. –They are tailored to the â€Å"age, community culture, and socioeconomic status of the trainee and are contextualized to the individual's peer group experiences† (ibid. , p. 3). –They present information from a positive viewpoint, encouraging healthy behavior rather than forbidding poor behaviour.

Culture of the Nacirema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture of the Nacirema - Essay Example I personally have not read about any case studies of "primitive" people who are so economically-minded, and a well-developed market system like this is proof for me of how civilized the Nacirema are. A second positive aspect is how well-knit the families are. Every house has a shrine where they cleanse their bodies and everyone enters this room "in succession" (Miner, n.d). Parents openly discuss purification rites with the children (Miner, n.d) and see it of utmost importance to initiate their children. The entire family has a common pursuit, desire to purify the body, which keeps them connected to each other. A third positive aspect is the fact that they put a lot of emphasis in cleansing and purifying the body. They are obsessed with hygiene and appearance, and I find it interesting that they share the belief that most people in developed, modern societies have, that good appearance have an effect on "social relationships," (Miner, n.d). This makes sense since I myself would not b e attracted to people who are unclean and dirty. A fourth positive aspect of the Nacirema is how they have a "listener", who for me is the equivalent of a psychotherapist. The listener simply listens to what his clients tell him about their problems (Miner, n.d). Lastly, it's interesting to see how the entire Nacirema society is neatly distinguished into different social roles; there are medicine men, herbalists, mouth men for example, and they are all highly trained in their own professions. Â  One negative aspect of the Nacirema is that they are a greedy people; they desire gifts at every service rendered and people are not entered into the latipso shrines for treatment if they cannot afford a gift to the healers, no matter how ill they are (Miner, n.d).

Process and Project Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Process and Project Planning - Essay Example This report examines the problem of N&F manufacturing by analysing the models that could be used to forecast sales in order to helot eh firm determine potential sales and avoid losses. Forecasting Models and their Significance Sales and the revenue that is realized from sales are very significant to any organization that operates with the aim of maximizing profits. The relevance of sales revenue cannot be ignored since it helps an organization meet its expenses such as payment of its employees, raw materials and meeting fixed costs. Due to their significance, it is necessary for an organization to forecast the expected sales over a given period of time in order to determine its level of production. Effective sales forecast is necessary for future planning of an organization. For instance, accurate sales forecast could enable an organization decide its future operations especially in terms of diversification. A company is able to choose the line of diversification given correct sales forecasts for the different lines of operations. Most industries are characterised by free entry and exit whereby new firms could enter the industry while other companies could leave the industry. Sales forecasts are relevant in helping new entrants venture into a given profitable industry. The sales forecasts included in business plans are vital for decision on entry into a given industry. As noted by Morwitz (2001), sales forecasts are a central section of a business plan given that a new company has not historical sales data. The forecasts are used by business financial providers such as banks to provide capital for investors. Lastly, sales forecasts are important in determining the amount of inventory to be kept by an organization (Morwitz, 2001). Sales Forecasting Model for N&F Manufacturing Forecasting involves various methods that do forecasts mainly from judgmental sources and statistical sources of data. Judgmental forecasting methods have been called qualitative while meth ods that derive their data from statistical sources have been referred to as either quantitative or time series methods. In spite of the differences among the different forecasting methods, judgmental and statistical methods are integrated together and therefore applied simultaneously while undertaking sales or cost forecasts of an organization. Although many methods could be used to forecast the sales of Air New Zealand, this study seeks to explain two methods that are direct sales extrapolation and causal approaches to sales forecasting. a) Direct Sales Extrapolation Extrapolation methods utilize historical statistical data on sales of a company to predict the future performance of the firm in terms of sales revenue. The most common of extrapolation technique is the exponential smoothing that assumes that more recent data of sales of an organization is weighted heavily. The other assumption and principle of this method is that it utilizes long time series data for sales of a firm when developing a forecast model. According to Meade (2001), reliability of the data used in the study is a principle that cannot be ignored. The reliability of data used for forecasting is not debatable if the forecast is to be useful to the organization. Simple accurate, timely and

Marketing strategies of the Big Four U.K. banks Case Study

Marketing strategies of the Big Four U.K. banks - Case Study Example The analysis results are summarised in Table 2. HSBC, as the biggest bank in the group, would want to stay in the lead, even widen it by increasing its customers, so the ad campaign would reflect a strategy to accomplish such, using the tagline "The World's Local Bank" to communicate the bank's credentials and highlight its expertise to give customers what they want. Striking images that generate opposite sentiments allow its advertisements to emphasise HSBC's knowledge of customers' intimate details, sending the message that the bank knows what they want. This is based on the recognition that each person may see the same thing in different ways because each one is unique. Emphasising its knowledge of different cultures where the bank operates, HSBC shows that it retains a local touch, appealing to customers to trust the bank. Gaining the customer's trust is important because the bank is a repository of something of value to the customer's present and future: wealth. The bank has to look trustworthy, competent, but daring. HSBC's recent change to the "What's Your Point of View" campaign relies on customer-generated content to extend and reinforce its previous message in a way that is consistent with the assumption that in a world increasing in sameness, customers are tired of the same things and are looking for something new, and that being new and different creates the potential to discover new experiences that could make the customer rich in their humanity. Associating the knowledge of other cultures with personal growth, HSBC sends the message that its familiarity with the unique, the unexpected, diversity and uncertainty is a quality that helps the bank grow the customer's wealth. The bank's consistent use of "The World's Local Bank" and the single, unified, and easily recognisable global brand represented by the red and white hexagon logo reveals HSBC's core marketing strategy, which is to make the bank the preferred choice for every customer, retaining what they have and encouraging potential customers to give HSBC a try. HBOS: Always Giving You Extra Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS) is playing catch up with HSBC and would want to distance itself from its Scottish cousin, the Royal Bank of Scotland. As can be seen from Table 1, HBOS is not as profitable as RBS, so it would design a marketing strategy that would allow it to get closer to HSBC and make it more profitable than RBS. This means increasing its customer base and revenues, and finding a way to get more profits out of each. HBOS does this uniquely, using its staff - colleagues as the bank calls them - to sell products in print and TV ads. For years, HBOS has been running singing auditions amongst its back office and front line colleagues to choose a "Star Colleague" to appear in their ads. Behind such a marketing strategy are two messages HBOS wants to send. First, that the bank has a "human" touch, that its people are extra special and possess an X-factor (playing on the bank's logo) that makes them go to extraordinary lengths for their customers. Second, building on this human and personal connection makes it easier to cross-sell other products and services. The first brings in the customers, whilst the second brings in the profits because as Reicheld (1994) argued, increasing customer loyalty can

Wedding in the Pakistani culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wedding in the Pakistani culture - Essay Example Pakistan and India have lived together for centuries until 1947, when the two countries parted ways with each other with the Muslim majority in the former and the Hindu majority in the latter. Although, since 1947, the two countries have not had good relations with each other and have had many wars since then, yet there are many traits of the Hindu culture that are ingrained in Pakistanis, and same holds true for the Indians also. The two nations, having lived together for centuries, share norms and values, and many characteristics of their cultures are alike. Mehndi happens to be one of them, though there is no significance of Mehndi in Islam, that happens to be the religion of a majority of Pakistanis. In Islam, there is Nikah and Walima. However, Mehndi is a very strong cultural feature of a Pakistani wedding, and any wedding is considered incomplete without the function of Mehndi. The function of Mehndi is specifically meant for singing and dancing.Some Pakistanis prefer to have two Mehndi functions, one for the bride and the other for the groom, while a vast majority of Pakistanis organize one Mehndi function, that stands both for the bride and the groom together. The function of Mehndi is fundamentally meant for ladies, and gents have little to no representation in this function, particularly in the more reserved class of Pakistanis. Nonetheless, modern families particularly the elite class ensures equal participation of both ladies and gents in the function. Dress code: Yellow is the most dominant color in a traditional Pakistani Mehndi function. Yellow color is associated with Mehndi because Mehndi itself is a strong shade of yellowish brown. Yellow color reflects in the stage, flowers, decoration, dresses, ribbons, bridal dress and the curtains. Most ladies wear shades of yellow. The dresses are bordered with golden ribbons to maintain the yellow theme along with lending the touch of festival to ordinary yellow clothes. Men, on the other hand, have no specific color definition for their Mehndi dresses. They may wear any color from white to black. Again, there is variation in the color scheme in men’s Mehndi dresses depending upon the conservatism of the people celebrating the function. In extremely well organized Mehndi functions, all men and boys that are related to the bride or groom wear Kurta Shalwar of same color, usually white or black. The Kurta is topped with a Pattu. Men’s Pattus seem very much like the girls’ Dupattas, though they are actually quite different. Men’s Pattus are longer than girls’ dupattas and are specifically meant for the function of Mehndi. Other than the Mehndi function, Pakistani men do not wear Pattus. (â€Å"Pakistan Mehndi Dresses Pictures†). Significance of Mehndi: Mehndi being an essential component of a traditional Pakistani wedding, speaks of the livelihood of Pakistanis and the beauty of the culture of Pakistan. The function incurs a lot of cost to th e organizers. In fact, a major part of the total expenses of a traditional Pakistani wedding goes into the Mehndi function. Despite its huge cost, people organize it for no other

Medical School Application Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical School Application Question - Essay Example It is seen that the government has a lesser share than the private entities in the field of health care. Insurance policies have however been given out to individuals who are needy by the government from programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. If I had the opportunity to change the health care system of the United States I would firstly change the whole set up of the facilities provided. The government share in the health care facilities would be increased by me so that a monopoly is not created in the health care of United States. I would create hospitals which would be designed for the overall general public and not only for a particular segment. The health care professionals would be given such expertise by me that they would change the system as a whole. They would be given the expertise to research on certain diseases and would be given the charge of finding out the root cause of the disease. This way the health care in United States might find a breakthrough in decreasing the n umber of patients. Not only this, but several other health care facilities would be formed by me which would help to decrease the load of patients on a single hospital. The healthcare of the United States is proficient in spending as it is spending much more dollars on a person than any other healthcare in the world. The number of uninsured in the United States is much more than many countries as the percentage uninsured are almost 45%. The insurance policies issued in Canada are much more effective and funded by the government than those of the United States. It is seen that the insurance coverage of the United States is not as perfect as it should be but the new health care reform introduced by Barack Obama might prove to be a success for many uninsured individuals. The health facilities are not adequate enough yet in the United States to

Compare the rights of LGBTQ persons in the different traditions Research Paper

Compare the rights of LGBTQ persons in the different traditions - Research Paper Example ty become such a major issue with some even claiming it to be the most dangerous threat to Christian life and to the gospel, part of the cosmic battle that Satan is waging against the church? The interesting thing is that it need not be so central. It is quite clear that in the Bible homosexuality does not receive a lot of attention. In the Canada, Judaism and mainline Protestant faiths are usually seen as the most liberal, followed by Catholicism. Majority of Catholics are accepting towards LGBT but not their leaders. Catholic Church leaders still remain antagonistic towards it. Relative to other religious groups in Canada, conservative Protestants are typically seen as having the least accepting attitudes. In the media, articles and features concerning LGBT more often than not paint Christian institutions as discriminative towards LGBT. Cases of lawsuits against church institutions in response to discrimination are becoming frequent. There are also cases where teenage suicides are attributed to be caused by stigma experienced by homosexual teenagers in Christian schools. The Church maintains that they do this to keep in line with their faith which is intolerant toward any sexually deviant behaviour. In response to legal action, the Church maintains that this is discriminatory toward them. The issue that arises is that the discrimination that the Church reports is in response to laws that prevent them from discriminating against LGBT people. The Jewish Community, on the other hand, holds a different view. Among the Jewish community, sexual orientation is considered to be biological and not a choice hence the wide acceptance of LGBT. The Jewish community however, does not hold as much influence as the Christian faction and is therefore rarely featured in news articles. This is also in part due to the fact that it supports LGBT people. Despite this, there exist minor assemblies within the Jewish community who hold antagonistic views towards LGBT by the numbers are

Removal of junk foods from vending machines Research Paper

Removal of junk foods from vending machines - Research Paper Example This paper aims to discuss concerns related to the junk food being delivered with the aid of vending machines. Many people find these junk food stuff like pizza, burger and french-fries tastier and easier to eat than the regular meal. They are getting more fame, especially with kids from school ages as they easily get fantasized by the appearance and taste of these junk food items and start avoiding the healthy food to get some of the junk food. Most of the schools and colleges have junk food items in their cafeteria and vending machines that allow students to choose between the home-cooked food and junk food. The vending machines are not just restricted to schools and colleges, but now they can be found at shopping malls and cinemas, where people cannot bring any eatables or water along with them and therefore, they are not left with any option but to consume junk food only (JimB, 2011). To me, this is another one of the unhealthy habits that people have adopted, without realizing w hat price they might have to pay for it. Therefore, my opinion is that this new trend of increased consumption of junk foods rather than nutritional food items, and soft drinks instead of water should be discouraged, as it certainly has an adverse impact on one’s life, both physically and socially. ... evealed that not only heart diseases but also lack of energy, depression, and lowering of one’s I.Q are some of the adverse effects caused by consuming high amount of junk foods in the daily lives (JimB, 2011). Also, soft drinks that are now mostly part of every day’s meal can effect one’s health badly due to the high proportion of carbonated soda in them that softens the tooth enamel gradually and could result in inner tooth damage over the period of regular consumption (Keefer, 2011). Not only this, but the fast food trend has also eliminated the element of eating together to a great extent. A family having more home-cooked food typically sits together and shares their day’s experience and other things on the dinner table, but as these junk foods have eliminated the need of sitting and eating, the tradition of a combined meal has also started to fade. The government should see this issue as a matter of concern, and should come up with measures to reduce consumption of junk foods. One thing that can be done in this regard is to remove these junk food items from the vending machines. This could result in a profound decrement in the schools and cinemas revenue however, for the sake of people’s health it is not something which is too much to ask for. A practice carried out by the California High Schools to remove junk food items from schools’ canteens, resulted in lowering of the calorie intake of their schools students in comparison to other state students (O'Connor, 2012). This makes it clear that other than just the potato chips, there are several other junk foods too that people consume daily from the vending machines, thus adding a significant amount to their fat and calories levels. Another disadvantage of this is that serving junk foods to school kids

Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Business environment - Essay Example The following graph shows the example of perfect competition Monopoly: Monopoly is totally opposite to perfect competition. In perfect monopoly, only one manufacturer or supplier exists but in reality, such sort of market hardly exists because in such an advanced arena there must be a substitute of each product. There is a dominance of one firm on overall market, such firm can influence prices, lack of substitute, very high barriers to entry (Wilkinson, 2005). Example of such market structure can be a cable company in India, electricity supplier in many countries including Pakistan, and British Telecom. The following graph represents the monopoly market: Monopsony: In monopsony, firmshavethe power to employee factors of production and each firm employee a miniature amount of employees in order to influence the rate of wages. In such market, only one buyer of a particular sort of laborexists. Firms are wage makers because labor has fewer options (McConnell, 2012). Due to the highest bargaining power, firms have lower manufacturing cost and, therefore, largest profit margin.Example of such firms is the electricity generator because it can negotiate a lower price of gas and coal supply contract. Low cost airline gets favorable price for new fleet, food retailers use their bargaining power when purchase items from milk producer, farmer, and other dealers. The following graph shows the example of monopsony market. Oligopoly: In oligopoly, competition exists between few firms. May the industry have the largest number of firms however;few larger firms dominate the overall industry. Firms are liable to manufacture or supply differentiated or standardized products, such firms have to face high entry barriers, have medium power to affect the market price (Wilkinson, 2005). Example of oligopolistic market is the sports apparel industry. Multiple manufacturers exist in sports apparel industry, but some majors like Adidas, Puma, and Nike are dominating the overall

Food Adulteration Essay Example for Free

Food Adulteration Essay Kraft Foods offer a wide variety of products. They offer delicious foods and beverages for every lifestyle on the go. While exploring the website of Kraft seems to define their product mix as foods that are geared more towards the people on the go. I would define their product mix as health/wellness foods, quick fix meals, snacks and beverages as well as offering a Premium line of foods. In their health/wellness foods they offer products in a â€Å"light† form such as things like Philadelphia light cream cheese and reduce fat cookies. For meals on the go or quick fix meals Kraft have designed meals like the Kraft Mac Cheese Cups, frozen meals and sandwich kits. They offer a wide variety of snack foods including everyone’s favorite cookie Oreo’s and Splendips. The Premium line that Kraft offers includes foods like DiGornio Pizza and Oscar Myer bacon. Kraft offers 8 product lines with over 50 different brands. Kraft’s product mix is the offering of their premium foods, such as DiGornao Ultimate Pizza which is made as a higher quality pizza then the standard. Tombstone Mexican Style Pizza is offered as a convenience food as a favorite food of teenage boys. It was designed for the ease of cooking a easy, quick, healthy meal. Tang is real fruit goodness of oranges. Everyone will surely love its sweet, refreshing flavor plus the added nutrition it gives. It is also instant drink mix offering the convenience food again. South Beach Diet foods are part of their healthy yet, convenience foods. The line offers alternatives to other popular diet fads. South Beach Diet foods play on wholegrain and the correct or right fats like canola oil and olive oil. In this line they also offer bars for a fast way to fill a craving during the day.

What is quality management?

What is quality management? Question 1 (a)Benchmarking Benchmarking measures performance or quality aspects against a competitor or industry standard. For example we could benchmark the profits made on internal projects. The importance of benchmarking is that it continuously assess the companys performance results against that of its competitors and helps implement good practices to achieve set targets, improve efficiency and to maintain competitiveness. It is also important in decreasing the risks linked with change by observing what factors contributed to the success of other companies. (b) 7-Run Rule The Seven Run Rule, is a technique used for quality control and its importance lies in the fact that it can be used to identify non-random problems when using control charts. It is normally an automatic process whereby alerts are generated when there is a significant variation in output. It helps by determining the non-random problems by evaluating progression of specific characters for the development of products characteristics (for e.g. the no. of defects in software) which could occur in a minimum seven time period. It allows the project manager to see the processes that are out of control, thus he is able to identify the causes of these non-random events and make adjustments to the process to correct or eliminate them (c) International standards There are many tools for quality management, including quality standards and models. Some of them are: ISO 9000:2008 Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) ISO/IEC 9126 Software engineering ISO 15504 also known as SPICE Quality can be defined as exceeding customer needs and expectations throughout the life of a product. When we build a system, developers are looking for performance and comply with the users requirements and how well it meets the users needs fitness for use. But it happens that the system developed which is in conformity to the requirements may at the end not please the customer who is becoming more conscious about the quality of the product he is paying for. Customers are more comfortable if they see that quality is being addressed during the project. Nowadays customers requirements/needs are very high, their quality aspects have got much better, they are more demanding now compared to some time back and thats why we have customers issue management. The International Standards are important because they provide rooms for performance improvement in potentially all the activities undertaken by the organization by adopting a systematic and scientific approach to managing the organisation processes/deliverables so that they consistently deliver a product/service as per customers expectations. These processes can be quite easily managed and monitored. In return they improve and ensure that appropriate quality of service is provided to customers and as such the level of customer satisfaction automatically gets increased. Additionally International Standards are also important in helping organisations to provide a kitemark seal of approval for customers and suppliers so they know that the work of the company is of a high standard. (d) Delphi Technique We know that the higher the number of participants in a meeting, the decision making process takes longer in terms of time due to devils advocate. The meeting can get monopolised by the devils advocate whose eccentric views can reach unjustified significance and prevent the group to find consensus. We also know that in a face-to-face discussion, situations of groupthink can occur. This can lead to poor decision making which in turn leads to decrease in quality. So, to avoid such negativities, the Delphi technique is used instead. The importance of Delphi technique is that it decreases such disadvantages towards decision making in groups and creates conducive working environment whereby the probability of groupthink is zero. Anonymity allows the participants to express their opinions freely, promote frankness and avoids approving errors by reviewing earlier forecasts. Its aim is to ensure that everyone gets a fair and equitable chance to express their viewpoint, identify areas where there is agreement or disagreement and try to find consensus. It significantly improves processes of meetings to ensure the quality of deliverables and rapid decisions being taken. Question 2 (a) Net Present Value NPV recognises the value of a dollar received today to the value of that same dollar received in the future, taking into account all cash flows occurring over the duration of the project. Hence, it is said to be a measure of the true profitability of projects. The importance of NPV is to help project managers in the selection of projects by evaluating and prioritising potential projects. If the NPV of a potential project is positive, it should be accepted. However, if NPV is negative, the project should probably be rejected because cash flows will also be negative. According to the value additively principle, if we know the NPV of individual projects they can be added together and hence the value of the firm will increase by the sum of their net present values (NPVs). (b)Return on Investment ROI is the basic tool used to assess both profitability and performance and also to prioritise IT projects. It is calculated by dividing the net benefits of a project by the initial cost of the project. It is possible to identify the percentage return for each cost unit invested by multiplying this value by 100. For projects lasting more than a year we need to use discounted values to take account of the effect of inflation. The importance of ROI is evaluating the financial impact of a project before a project can be started. Negative ROI is bad and means that costs are larger than benefits. High positive values are good and the higher the better. ROI is also used in the project selection process, with investment made on those projects with the highest ROI. (c) Break†even point The break-even point is defined as the point where sales or revenues equal expenses. There is no loss incurred or profit made at the break-even point. Break-even point is important for managers for taking the right decisions. For example it helps the management in knowing the lowest number of units that could be produced to at least earn so much to cover the cost of production without profit or loss.. It helps the management to estimate up to which level sales can be reduced but even though achieve some kind of profit from production and sales or how much costs can increase to even then company at profit point and can survive loss position. (d) Parametric modeling Software cost estimation is difficult, we have several methods and one of the methods is Parametric modeling which is a mathematical model using project characteristics to extrapolate from previous project data, for example in the COCOMO model the number of Lines of Code is one parameter to use when estimating the cost of a new system. It is done at the beginning of the project and is helpful to project managers who are inexperienced in software cost estimation. Parametric modeling is only as good as the model and historic data allows and requires skilled staff to apply the formulae and interpret the results. Parametric modeling also considers several aspects related to the resources required: staffing and costs related to hardware and software required. Question 3 (a) McClellands Acquired Needs Theory As per McClelland our needs are categorized into three aspects: Achievement Affiliation Power Considering my case, currently   I am working as an ICT System Support Officer at the SSR International Airport where I am required to work on shifts and have many deadlines to respect. I can categorise my needs as follows: Achievement My aim is to become the companys next System Administrator who is the next post on the hierarchy and have my salary raised which is symbolise progress and achievement. Power I know that if I attain this post I will need to know how to deal with my co-workers and the user community. I also need to know how to use the institutional powers given to me by the management to organise the efforts, motivate, influence and manage my subordinates. This is essential for me so as to keep control of all the works and do ensure that the goals and objectives of my company are achieved. Affiliation Also, at this position it is going to be important for me to meet and learn from other System Administrators know-how and experience which are indeed important through network interactions. I also know that at this position interaction with other people in the same position is important for sharing of knowledge, skills and tips. (b) The Meyers†Briggs Type Indicator As per Meyers†Briggs Type Indicator we use a four-scale structure for identifying the personality and categorising a persons behavioural preferences: Extrovert/Introvert Sensation/Intuition Thinking/Feeling Judgment/Perception Considering my case, I categories myself as an Extrovert/Introvert I am an Extrovert person, I always discuss new ideas and tentative solutions to problems with my fellow colleagues before they are finalised. Another example is when I am participating in meetings with the top management, I do not hesitate to voice out my opinion or solution to a problem even if I am not sure if the solution is viable or not. But before that I will warn them that we are just suggesting and trying to come up with a fully working solution. Sensation/Intuition I am Intuitive, for example, where I work we have some 600 CCTV cameras which are constantly under surveillance by the Control Room Operators. Lastly we have been experiencing several slowdowns of the system and frequent problems with the workstations used by the operators. Being an intuitive person I have felt that the number of complaints has increased too much which is unacceptable. Instead of carrying a survey on the data storage capacity of our Video recorders, CPU usage, RAM usage or network bandwidth which can be done later I will try to convince the management that we urgently need to buy spare servers for our Digital Video Manager database, Access control servers, video recorders and spare workstations due to the fact theses equipments are nearing their end-of-life since they were purchased in 2006. Thinking/Feeling I have a preference for Thinking but sometimes I can be of the Feeling type too. It happened once where we were busy completing a project whereby we had to configure Microsoft Outlook with the new settings for some 600 users. We have stopped using Microsoft Exchange and using Google Apps instead. We had to complete this job in 10 working days with a workforce of 5 technicians. We were on track and 3 more days left to finish the work, then 1 technician requested 2 days off since he was aggrieved over the sudden death a close family. My Thinking preference made me weigh the effect of the two days off on the schedule and the increased workload of the other 4 technicians who now has to complete the work of their colleague. I was tempted to say NO but my feeling preference made me consider the factors from other side whereby the technicians output will be affected due to his low morale; I accorded him his two days off. Judgment/Perception I categorise myself as a Perceiver, for example when carrying out preventive maintenance on servers I prepare a rough estimate of the time taken to accomplish this task, but I will never give to anyone the estimate. This is because you never know what incidents might happen during the maintenance; some parts might get damage during cleaning/blowing for example or I may notice the beginning of hard disk failure. Therefore the original estimate will be extended due to repair or installation of a new hard disk. I would never operate as a Judger who might see the task of replacing the hard disk as a discrete task and try to complete the maintenance according to the schedule. (c) The Social Styles Profile As per the Social style profile personality of people can be perceived into four zones based on three principal dimensions of Social Style—assertiveness, responsiveness, and Versatility The four Social Styles are: Analytical, Driver, Amiable and Expressive Considering my case, I can say that I show both the Driver Style and the Expressive Style Driver I can say that I am a Driver, due to the fact that I am proactive and like to take initiative, get things done and make things happen. I constantly accept challenges and am always first into solving problems. I prefer to work within time frames and like to focus on actions that will get things done and realize concrete outcomes. Expressive I like to work fast and I like feeling the people who work with me, I am always complimenting, applause when the team has done a good job and aacknowledge the efforts put in to complete projects on schedules. Also my priorities are the user community and the stakeholders. (d) DISC Profiles As per the DISC profiles, all people share these four styles in varying degrees of intensity; D (Drive) I (Influence) S (Steadiness) C (Compliance) I am Direct and Decisive and a like to overcome obstacles and is a good problem solver. I like projects that produce tangible results. I like to discuss solutions with my team first and not afraid to speak out and is generally optimistic. I do not fear new challenges without fear. I am capable of handling several projects at the same time. Question 4 (a) Milestones Milestones are the diamond shapes we like to put in our Gantt charts. It is a kind of measurement that serves as tools to keep track of the progression and any deviation that may happen. Milestones is like the point of start of the next journey to the next milestone, and the time required and money needed will be estimated on the basis of how far we have progressed on the project and it is the number milestones that have been reached by the team. Milestones are simply short-term goals or the targets for the project team. Milestones help to boost the morale and confidence of the team who will enthusiast to go for the next Milestone. (b) Critical Chain Scheduling It is a method of scheduling that take into account the scarce resources available and which are being shared among projects when creating a project schedule. Its importance is to protect projects from the unavoidable slippages that occur in every project. It removes buffers from individual tasks by pushing them to completion in the shortest time possible and instead adds project buffer before the project scheduled completion date and feeding buffers before tasks which are on the critical path. It is a method applied to meet the tight schedule requirements that every project manager faces while, at the same time, helps companies to preserve quality and productivity. (c) Tracking Gantt Charts The importance of Tracking Gantt Chart is that it helps project managers to keep projects on schedule, make sure that tasks start and finish on schedule. The Tracking Gantt chart pairs the current schedule with the original schedule for each task and helps find trouble spots, tasks that vary from the baseline plan. Managers can then adjust task dependencies, reassign resources, or delete some tasks to meet your deadlines. (d) Reality checks Reality checks involve controlling and managing changes to the project schedule. Sometimes a task can be crushed in order to complete the project on time. Hence the importance of reality checks, it allows the project managers to know the how much buffers needs to be removed from certain tasks and redistribute it to other tasks which are lagging behind The importance of Reality Checks are that Project Managers can review the draft schedule or estimated completion date in the project charter and prepare a more detailed schedule with the project team. Also, it helps project managers to make sure the schedule is realistic and followed. if there are schedule problems, Project managers is able to alert top management well in advance. Question 5 (a) a critical path in a complex project Once I worked on a project where I had to configure a Network-attached Storage (NAS) server for the backup of CCTV Recorders and the setting up of the Tape recoders. We have already received the NAS, Dell Recorders etc, but the Cabinet for housing the equipments was not delivered on schedule due to the fact that the ship transporting the Cabinets has been attacked by the Somalian pirates. This caused the project to be completed with 40 days overdue. The configuration of the NAS which became the critical path could not be split as it has to be carried out by only one guy. (b) an effective team meeting My manager carries weekly meetings with his staff and for me his meetings are effective in the sense that there is an agenda, there is a time limit for the meeting and the meetings starts and adjourns on time. The manager ensures that talks do not stray away from original topics. There is always someone form the team assigned to take minutes of the meeting and these are sent to all members to remind them of their tasks and responsibilities. The manager always encourages the team members to speak up their thoughts. At the end of every meeting decisions are taken and everyone knows his tasks and responsibilities. The timeline of the tasks are also known to them. (c) risk mitigation that was found to be necessary I was working on a project where we had lay Fiber optic cables for the CCTV system, but during the task the team identified potential risks regarding the vulnerability of the fiber cables which could be eaten by rats. They were able to work out various mitigating strategies and came up with new type fiber cable which was more resisted to rodents and installed rodents traps and covered man holes and service ducts correctly. Indeed these risk mitigating tasks involve additional costs but was worth it and necessary. (d) crashing a task to reduce its duration Once we had to assemble 200 computers in one week with a workforce of 5 technicians working 5 days a week. Taking into account that the technicians were working on other projects too, it was quite impossible to complete the computer assembly on schedule. The only solution was to increase the workforce with more technicians from other projects in order to meet the deadline.

Market Strategy Of Titan Watches

Market Strategy Of Titan Watches During late 2008 and 2009 confidence of consumer fell and people became more aware about their spending in watches and jewellery has not been immune to the economic climate. During 2005 jewellery and watches market grew by 10 % were it reaches to  £4.8 billion in 2010 and over next five year Mintel forecasts is 11%growth in watches and jewellery market. Hence 2011 is also going to be the year to invest in mens jewellery. Stephen Webster presented a strong case for mens jewellery at IJL in September 2010, and assuming male customer only want watches and the odd signet or chain could lead to missing out on a potential wealth of customer. Its not that male customers dont want it: they just dont know they want it. Men dont have thinking about what to wear as women do, explain Webster. But once a man is bejewelled, theres no looking back. They also dont wait for special occasions like woman do, and they can go from zero to jewellery enthusiast in no time. Market research company Mintels September 2010 report Watches and Jewellery Retailing UK found that 20% of male respondent said they like receiving jewellery as a gift, and 12% said that they had purchased all of their own jewellery. So the market is clearly there to be exploited. http://www.retail-jeweller.com/trends/in-with-the-new-2011-trends/5020089.article Rapid increase in gold prices and recession change many consumers mind to buy silver instead of gold, this trend is rising to nearly three in ten women with almost one in five people wearing silver jewellery than gold; particularly young people aged 15-24. Now days Consumers are willing to experiment and try new looks with little minimising their bank balances which means many costume jewellery items are affordable and easy disposable without denting their bank balance. Young aged under-35 is more open to pay large amounts for watches these are consumers who do not wear jewellery to express their individuality or to show their consumer spending power. As the research has should that 86% of consumers wear a watch, were 40% only buy a new watch when their old watch is broken. The new reason for purchase a watch could be watchs main function with health benefits as a new way of helping the consumer. http://oxygen.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen/display/id=479809 Executive Summary: https://www.keynote.co.uk/market-intelligence/view/product/10331/chapter/0 Why buy me. Can be better explain by to fend off the competition by constant innovation, reinvigorate, recalibrate, update. Many brands and companies are continuously renovating their business and holding positioning themselves for growth. Positioning able offerings for brands and availability of product in the market. Several key target groups and users meet their needs as it reaches a certain mode of consumers and delivers benefits to them. Consumer and user are attributed by benefits and product as they are depended on how actual approach of a company or brands position communicates in the market place. As a result positioning or product of a company find one to keep further distance itself from competitors which is based on list of items, but very importantly in six key :, Distribution, Quality, Attributes, Product, Price and Usage Occasions. As compared to earlier times consumerism has undergone a sea change where the consumers are informed about the products. Hence, the market has become customer centric. Understanding the importance of customer is become the structure of business; in effects companies have started in regular basis i.e. repositioning exercise. In the recent times Titian Industries Ltd had a major brand repositioning exercise was planned more in order to provide more to its customers. Now the company holds new position. This study will help to understand the revived positioning strategies of Titan watches. An analysis of repositioning strategies of Titan also forms of the study. Firstly it is important to understand the overall wrist watch industry in UK. Secondly to study the brand positioning and re-positioning strategy of Titan wrist watches and to find out about the loyal customers of Titan watches as they are aware of the new positioning strategies of the company and how they used them. To study primary and secondary data have been used. Analysis UK wrist watch industry and brand repositioning strategies of TITAN Company has been analysed and completed on the basis of secondary data. Internet, journals, books and magazines have been used for this purpose. Project comprises conducting a questionnaire survey. (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() Introduction: 1.1 Theory and concepts: According to Peter Drucker A business has two and only two basic functions: marketing and innovation To maintain business relevance and market position, it is important to continuously innovate and invent brand image in the market to pace with change and intense competitive pressure in the marketplace. In this context, now days brand positioning and revitalization strategies have become a business vital part for battling brand erosion. Further heightened for brand repositioning is because of rising cost and high risk connected with launching a new brand in market. Increase in the cost and high risk related with launching a new brand that is a part of brand reposition. Brand reposition has received very importance in the marketing literature and treated as a difference of brand positioning. Reposition can be required as the market changes and new opportunities occur. In order to reach the customer which was never targeted at first can also be targeted with brand reposition. In order to change its image in the market it is important to focus towards brand repositioning, although it is one of the toughest and harder actions for repositioning of familiar brand in market. As per Solomon, essential part in the marketing efforts is position strategy because companies have to use the elements in the marketing mix to influence the customers understanding the position. There has to be several choices to be, so to as to be in more attractive and relevant position. It is important for the person who is reposition for the reposition to know and understand why reposition is necessary and its need, and if the offer is the one that will change or just the brand name. While repositioning it is important to undertake and understand all the risk factors that is likely to affect it in the market. A company risks its credibility and reliability more while repositioning its brand in the market and the need for a thorough strategy is very important to avoid any occurrence. Some analyst argues that to successfully reposition a established brand name is almost impossible because repositioning of a brand can make the most loyal customer to switch brand. If the brand is eroded then brand reposition becomes important. Numerous attempts to reposition brand in the market may fail which is testified by many company for example while soft drink has successfully been able to connect with the youth though they exist for 40 years in the market but at the same Levis, jeans has been losing its market share to newcomers such as The Gap despite numerous campaigns designed to reposition the brand trend. 1.2 Literature Review: The reposition strategy is defined into three stages that is: Introductory Elaboration Fortification This involves the introduction of a new or a repositioned brand, seeking underline the brands value over others, and to broaden the brand position. It is truly hard to change the customers perceived attitude towards a brand, and therefore the risk is great that the attempt to repositioning might fail. After rolling out the strategy, it is time to modify the proposition through update of the personality and through repositioning. There pros and cons with both of this segments and it is great significance that they are truly calculate when deciding the next step in the process. To understand it more deeply http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/55f3acalz4nfgla/images/10-81b5e3fa9c/000.jpg Figure 1: Stages in brand strategy development. When a company modifies or change something that is already there in the market established in the mind of the customer that is called as repositioning. Different profession and individuals have different meaning and understanding towards Repositioning. There are few different definitions and greater understanding about this concept: Repositioning is a change, principally about triggering the vision, mission and value in a new direction that is more suited f or the brand in the future- Brand manager consultant. Principally, reposition concerns changing the consumers perception of the brand PR consultant. Repositioning is built upon the change of unique and differentiated associations with the brand in some kind of direction; it is about having a balance between the category party and differentiation when using reposition strategies (Leading Brand strategies) From these definitions, it is obvious that reposition is about moving something to more attractive and relevant position. Reposition direction is often decided as to what a company wants to achieve. There is also a visible relation between price and quantity aspects. When a company perceives the market as a demand curve, the purpose is to down stretch or upward curve. When moving up and there is a need for reaching the premium segment and expand up wards. Figure: The principle of reposition. When striving towards a new position in the market, it is important to understand those consumers are limited. Peoples minds select what to remember and it is important to convince the consumers with greater arguments. The market always strive for change which is rapid and therefore repositioning can be necessary to meet these demands, newer and stronger arguments have to be established to convinced them to stay as loyal customers. As repositioning is a very complicated matter and therefore there are no detailed theories or models. Aim for repositioning is different for different person, and the only connection between all the different theories is that repositioning is moving something from somewhere towards a greater position at the market. Corstjens and Doyle (1989) identified three types of repositioning strategies: Zero repositioning, which is not a repositioning at all since the firm maintains its initial strategy in the face of a changing environment. Gradual repositioning, where the firm performs incremental, continuous adjustments to its positioning strategy to reflect the evolution of its environment; and Radical repositioning that corresponds to a discontinuous shift towards a new target market and /or a new competitive advantage. After learning the repositioning of several brands from the UK market, the following 8 types of repositioning have been identified. These are: Increasing relevance to the consumer Increasing occasions for use Making the brand serious Falling sales Bringing in new customers Making the rand contemporary Differentiate from other brands Changed market conditions A four phased brand repositioning approach can be followed to achieve the intended benfits- Phase I. Determining the current status of the brand Phase II. What does the brand stand for today? Phase III. Developing the brand positioning platforms Phase IV. Refining the brand Positioning and Management Presentation The advantages that can be derived from brand repositioning exercises can be summarized as: Value over others Updated personality Relevant position The risks associated with such strategies are: Loss of focus Neglecting original customers Losing credibility for the brand Confusing the brand Therefore, in order UNLEARN the brand positioning one must help the customer to know brand repositioning in more difficult than initially positioning. This can be done by: Carefully crafted communication New products, packaging Associations with other brands ( co- branding, co- marketing, ingredient branding, strategic alliances, etc) that reinforce the new brand positioning. This exercise is so critical to an organizations success that the organizations and leader in marketing/brand management should develop skill preferably with the help and facilitation of an outside brand positioning expert. Research Methodology: 2.1 Objectives To study the current scenario of UK wrist watch industry. To review the brand positioning strategies of different sub-brands of watches. To analyze the brand repositioning strategies of watches. To study consumer awareness and perception about the brand repositioning strategies of watches. This study will help to understand the gap in its communication strategy regarding brand repositioning exercises and the further measures to be taken for effective marketing communications. 2.2 Limitations: The study is confined to London area only There is possibility of sampling errors in the study The responses of the consumers may not be genuine Questionnaire may not be comprehensive 2.3 Sources of Data Collection: The relevant data was collected from both primary sources and secondary sources. The starting point of my information gathering has been the secondary sources such as internet, books, and journals and so on. Firstly, brand positioning and repositioning strategies of Titan, secondary sources such as internet, insurance magazines, and journals and so on. Then I conducted a consumer awareness survey on brand repositioning strategies undertaken by Titan watches in recent times. 2.4 Sampling: To conduct sampling of 50 loyal consumers of Titan and in the age group of 20 30 years for this study. Since Titan has taken up brand repositioning strategies since January 2011, consumers who have seen the previous and new campaigns have been targeted. 2.5 Primary data: Data was collected through an interview schedule, consisting of both open ended and closed ended questions. It consisted of the parameters like reasons consumers brand preference, recollection of earlier tagline and advertisement, brand ambassador of Titan awareness of new tagline and campaign featuring sportsmen and actors from International body and so on. The data was collected through e-mails, telephone contacts and one to one personal interviews. Industry Overview UK Watch industry: In 2004 and 2008 market report examines the jewellery and watches market in UK were fluctuated and fell by 2.8% and finish at  £4.33 billion in the review report. Large declined in 2008 contribute to the global economic downturn and UK recession which adversely effected nearly all UK industries. The only unaffected by the downturn was the luxury end of the market end, but by the 2008 and 2009 it begun to take effect on it. In recent year the jewellery and watches become increasingly competitive. Although this market have wide range of suppliers and retailers also online retailing have contributed highly for transparent for information on pricing and availability of products. This was a positive trend for small brands that was previously unable to deal with consumer directly. Some larger retailers and few independents have developed their transactional sites to deal with their consumer demand. The product which have high rate of consumer penetration with around a third of the UK population owning piece jewellery and watches. In 2009 downturn in UK economy shows that it will affect all areas of consumer spending and unlikely to show reversal in near future. It seems the concepts of a wrist watch have become that of a status symbol rather than a practical chronometer. According to a survey that suggest one in seven people in the UK has no need for watch, apart from as a fashion accessory. Gadgets such as iPods, laptops and mobile phone, represent threat to the watch industry, survey conducted by Mintel. Even in the age of iPhones, people spend huge amount of money on a quality time piece, with high-end brands such as Rolex and Tag Heuer adorning blinged up wrist of rappers, bankers and fashionistas alike. http://www.wharf.co.uk/2010/11/why-wrist-watches-are-dialling.html SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE UK WATCH INDUSTRY: Strengths: Watch industry is growing industry which faster rate As the population is rising, the watch market is also expanding Customers are not very price sensitive as far as quality watch is concerned Weakness: There is not much advertising done by watch industry No innovation in products There are few number of exclusive showrooms that reduces the consumers accessibility to the product There are few marketers, who are concentrated only upon a particular niche segment (Tag Heuer ) Opportunities: There is more need of fashionable luxury watch and fine luxury watch brands that can be targeted in UK, as customers are more like trendsetter and fashionable. UK especially London is a metropolitan city which makes it more attractive for the new company. Youth are more brand conscious than their predecessors. That leads to the expansion of the market for branded watches. Threats: There are many foreign players entering in the race Too many players will dilute the market and the profit margin. Mobile phones acting as substitutes of the watches. The Indian watch industry began in the year 1961 with the commissioning of the watch division of Titan. The first watch model manufactured by HMT was the Janata model in the year 1962. HMT was the leader in the watch market till the Tatas formed Titan watches in association with Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation in the year 1987. They took a major strategy decision, which later changed the face of the Indian watch market to manufacture only quartz watches. Liberalisation in 1992 and removal of quantitative restrictions due to WTO has opened the doors for many the Indian market viz. Tissot, Swatch, Omega, Rado, TAGHeuer. The import duties on watches are falling which makes the Indian market look attractive for the global majors like Casio, Swatch and Citizen. Company Profile: Overview Titan is one of the largest watch producer in India and sixth largest in the world. Titan manufactures over 7 million watches per annum and have 65 million customer. In 1984 titan was established as a joint venture between the Tata Group and Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation. Manufacturing in a state- of -the art at Hosur, Tamil Nadu the company brought the large change in Indian market, by offering quartz technology with international styling. By understanding the different segments in the market, the company launched its second brand Sonata watch, as value brand for those who like styled watches with affordable prices. In last two decade the company has build an very good impression in watch business to become Indias largest manufacturer and world largest sixth manufacturer of watches. This was mainly because good formidable distribution network. Being one of largest retail chain of exclusive retail showroom for watches called The world of Titan spread over 100 towns. Titan have branches over 30 countries, its also have multi brand outlets named Time Zone, service centres and dealer outlets. The company has watch plant at Dehradun (UP) and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and electronic circuit boards in Goa. The promoters held majority stake of the company, with Tidco having 28% of the shares and Tata Group companies owing 25% of the shares and the public sharing holding around 28% in the company. The rest of the stake held by the foreign institution, non resident Indian, mutual fund and other institution. It also acquiring a license for global brands such as Tommy Hilfiger and Hugo Boss, while. It has also in its portfolio its first Swiss Made watch brand Xylys. In 1995 the company capitalize to brand Tanishq as diversified into jewellery in fragmented market operating no brand in urban city. Also in 2005 the company launched its second Jewellery brand, GoldPlus, as using its opportunity for capitalizing in small town and rural India. Its also diversified into fashion Eyewear by launching Fastrack Eye Gear sunglasses as well as prescription eyewear. TITAN WATCHES: BRAND POSITIONING STRATEGIES Overall strategies: Since from the beginning Titan has been positioned as a premium brand, because its high quality products for its customer. Titan is struggling to have a strong brand image in UK market due to its numerous sub-brands that caters to different segments in India. It follows different positioning strategies; these strategies can also be analyzed as given below: Attribute Positioning: The company launched first quartz watches to Indian market as its product. The company successfully penetrate the market by this launch, under this strategy came Raga, Classique and Regalia. Classique positioned as style corporate wear that leaves a quiet definite impression and qualities of function. Regalia ranger represent the elegant-wear. Raga is an exclusive watch as positioned. The Raga and silver Raga collection of style, delicate and feminine with each piece unique truly. User Positioning: Titan provides to several user groups children (the Dash), sportspersons and adventurers. The fastrack range is seen as being modern and related to present time, reliable and sturdy. The advertising, packaging and merchandising of this range is young, cool and vibrant. Benefit Positioning: Titan offer many deals to differentiate its offering on the basis of superior style and attractiveness which is offered by Digital range fastrack. Competitors Positioning: Titan had to encounter the threat with the entry of several foreign watchmakers into the market; most the entrants are catering to the upper end of the market Omega, Cartier etc. Quality or Price Positioning: In the overseas market, especially in Europe where it is competing with Swiss and Japanese watches, it is position itself as value-for-money (less than Swiss watches and higher than Japanese), by giving attractively styled and of good quality. TITAN WATCHES: BRAND RE-POSITIONING STRATEGIES FOR GLOBALISATION Titan has managed to get fair market in Middle East and Africa but its failure in Europe was a downturn for the Company as the return was not as good as investment made for the expansion. Titan has decided to revamp its flagship watch brand in Europe mainly in UK. Titan wants to reposition it more youthful and relevant to the changing times. Titan has entered the International markets in 1989 through the export of watch movements. Titans first global footprint was placed in the UAE the largest market in the Middle East then it moved towards Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia and few markets in Africa. Though it faced strong competition, it reached the sales of 100,000 watches within a year of its launch. It started to move globally and moves towards Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives and Nepal. After its extensive survey, it concluded that it needs good reason to stock the brand. Titan needs to re-position its brand image in the UK market. And so Titan decided to against soft option of driving its globalization through private label exports. It would launch its product under its own brand with market positioning Therefore Titan found a massive advertising campaign to create brand awareness. It also participated in the fair which showcases the worlds biggest watch brand in the world. http://www.moodiereport.com/images/luxury_watch_tables_jan10_04.jpg http://www.moodiereport.com/images/luxury_watch_tables_jan10_05.jpg CONCLUSION: The suggestions to improve consumer awareness about brand repositioning strategy of Titan are as follows: To increase its visibility, Titan Company can sponsor events similar to fashion shows which all latest designs launched are displayed. This is important as it has a great effect on different segments of the customers in different ways. It is important to have Tie up with radio channels and television to broadcast and telecast its advertisement about various sales promotion from time to time. RD needs more investment as customer expectations are changing rapidly. It should focus more on introducing more varieties and luxury items in the market at regular interval. Introduce exclusive collection for working women which is more contemporary and complements any fashion styles. Tie up with international watch brands to make the product stronger in the market. To use internet to spread awareness among consumer about the brand. (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })()

rban Sprawl :: essays research papers

URBAN SPRAWL The definition of urban sprawl according to WORDSMYTH 1.spreading of the urban structure into adjoining suburbs and rural areas. The definition of urban sprawl according to Merriam-Websters on line dictionary :the spreading of urban developments(as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city. The definition of urban sprawl according to Dictionary.com The unplanned, uncontrolled spreading of urban development into areas adjoining the edge of a city . My opinion of urban sprawl.The city,containing large tracts of business,commerece,industries,living space,and farming communities.Using more then it needs,replicating new structures and leaving shells.Rehabbing mass living spaces,for the placment of person or persons.Funneling dollars into work projects for the sake of spending.For example I 675 near Dayton, the rehabbing of the Arcade center, and the Salem Mall area. . â€Å"Sprawl is a four letter word† â€Å"I like living next to the city. I can get off my tractor, walk across the street and get a cup of coffee at the UDF in the morning, go next door for lunch at the fast food place, and fill up the John Deere at the Speedway on the way home from plowing the back 40.† Sprawl is a worldwide growth pattern. It is evident in every small to major city, and depending on socioeconomic and cultural patterns can manifest it at different rates. Lets take a look at some examples. Moscow shows a grossly mixed area of farmland, light to heavy industry, and a mixed commerce living space with large groups of apartment buildings. Approximately 30% of the city proper is vacant wasted areas, and there is no effort to reclaim any of this land. This is most likely due to heavy pollution, crime, and the generally poor economical situation. In Mexico City, there is a vast area of poor living conditions within poorer living conditions. Population increase has played a major role in the living conditions along with little employment, poor education, almost no industry, (with the exception of General Motors relocating there) makes Mexico City a vast sprawl of humanity. My focus now moves to the local venue, namely Dayton. I found some interesting information. Between 1970 and 1990 Dayton’s urban area lost 11% of its population while gaining 22% more land. Dayton and adjoining suburbs consumed 118% more land while adding only 22% more people. While there was no significant population increase, drivers in Dayton covered 19% more miles in 1995 then in 1991. There are many reams of facts and figures to support the obvious, sprawl is real.

Portchester Castle Essays -- Papers

Portchester Castle Portchster Castle is a concentric castle, dating from Roman times situated at the top of Portsmouth harbour. It has a 9-acre site and was built from flint and stone. The castle had bastions and a tidal moat, at the centre of the castle would have been accommodation. Portchester Castle was originally built by the Romans to protect the South coast of England from invasion by the Saxons. Portchester was one of a series of forts built around the country and was typical of Roman forts. Portchester was used as a base for soldiers. Because of its location, troops could be sent out from the fort on ships to defeat Saxon raiders. The location of Portchester Castle was ideal for the Romans for several reasons: The site of the Castle was a peninsula which meant that it was protected on three sides and could only be attacked from one. The harbour that the fort protected could be used for anchoring Roman ships, as they would be safe from storms. What factors influenced the design and construction of Portchester Castle? During Roman times, Portchester Castle was an important link with the Roman Empire as it was situated on the coast. When the Normans arrived Portchester Castles was considered to be important as it provided a link to Normandy. The Normans did not have the sophisticated technology, the resources or the amount of men that the Romans had had. This meant that they were unable to maintain the Castle as the Romans had. They made a number of changes to the Roman Fort: A keep was built in the corner with a wooden fence around it. Some of the Roman walls had been 10ft thick, the Normans thinned these down to 5... ... attacker's entrance to the castle. Although Portchester Castle does not have staggered entrances it does have a triple gate to make it harder for attackers to enter. This was very important because the gate is the weakest part of a castle. On parts of the walls of Portchester Castle, the base fans out and slopes down. This is to make it harder for the enemy to destroy the foundations and also to keep an attacker away from the wall so they can be fired at more easily. This is a feature of a typical concentric castle although this defence technique is usually used on the entire wall. A typical feature of a concentric castle is the protective wood work at the top of the walls. We cannot tell whether this was a feature of Portchester Castle because any evidence would have rotted away.

The Day Ethan Frome Lost Control of His Life :: Ethan Frome Essays

The Day Ethan Frome Lost Control of His Life      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe Ethan Frome lost control of his life when his mother died. After his mother's funeral, Ethan did not want to be left alone on the farm, so he asked Zeena to stay with him. At first, Ethan enjoys her company. However, Zeena soon becomes a nuisance to Ethan, and prevents him from becoming an engineer in a large city. After being married a year, Zeena becomes sick herself, and the only time she talks to Ethan is to complain or show her discontent.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After Mattie comes to the farm, Ethan does not love Zeena at all. He thinks the only pleasure she has left is to inflict pain on him. Since Zeena is a burden on Ethan, he naturally wants to improve his life. The reason he does not have control of his life is because he is married to Zeena, and he is not brave enough to go away with Mattie. The reason he is married to Zeena is because his mother died. Since Zeena is why Ethan does not have control of his life, and Ethan married her because his mother died, the point in time when Ethan lost control of his life is when his mother died.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe Ethan could have changed the direction of his life if he had gone away from the farm to marry Mattie. The reason he did not have control of his life was because he was married to Zeena. If he would have married Mattie and left Zeena, he would not have been in the sled accident, and consequently, he would have lived a much happier life with Mattie.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second way Ethan could have changed the direction of his life is if he

Ethical Challenges Essay

When meeting clients at community and social events the issue of confidentiality and privacy arises. And I agree with Stacey Mason that personal and professional boundaries should not be blurred meaning that clients should not try to consider social event as an excellent opportunity to talk to counselor about certain disturbances. I think confidentiality won’t be broken if relations between the counselor and client remain professional and defined. Of course, some clients may think counselor may share discussed information with the audience, but professional counselor will never use shared information as advantage over the person. I agree that the principles of beneficence and confidentiality should not be violated in any case. In situations, when client is viewed as danger to counselor, the last should take preventive measures either reporting police or informing the relatives. Thus, I agree with Stacey mason that the only case when the principle of confidentiality may be violated is when it is necessary to prevent a suicide attempt. I think that Meagan Bowser’s position on key ethical challenges is valid as well. There are clients who don’t want others to not about their visits to counselors, and, in such situation, counselor is recommended no to approach the client until the client says something to the counselor showing willingness to communication in informal environment. Of course, the counselor should not talk about treatment, counseling or other related issues. I think that counselors should always think of client’s privacy and confidentiality. I see the second situation is more confused and perplexing and professional counselor has to reassure the client that his confidentiality won’t be violated as, there are cases, when under severe stress students attempt to commit a suicide. I agree with the idea that the key responsibility of the counselor is to persuade the girl to tell parents about her problems, not to tell parents himself. Only professional counselors are able to process student’s emotions and direct them in the beneficial way.

Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology

Everyone sexual rages a good tragedy. The ones that make you cry and spend a penny the person next to you a capacious hug. Jack and Rose in titanic ninety percent of the pack I know cry every fourth diwork forcesion they watch Titanic. Rhett andler and Scarlett OHara in Gone With The Wind, even Borat and Pamela Anderson in the p conkic film Borat But this paper isnt around tragedies in recent times its about go to bed stories gone pervertin Greek mythology. I cook researched the stories I think were the saddest and most pitiable Apollo and Hyacinthus Apollo, the Greek god of knowledge and the liberal arts had many affairs with both men and women, most of which didnt end so well.He had an affair with Hyacinthus who was a prince of Sparta. Hyacinthus admired and love Apollo so much so that he followed him everywhere. unmatchable afternoon, the lovers persistent to practice dish throwing. Youd think it was a blameless enough game for two people in love to play. Apollo threw the discus and in such excitement to get it, the controvert hit Hyacinthus square on the gaffer instantly sidesplitting him. Apollo later erudite that it was Zephyrus (god of the West wind) who was also deeply in love with him, that manipulated the winds resulting in the change in direction of the discuss and ultimately the killing of Hyacinthus.It is said that the grieving Apollo rancid his love life Hyacinthus into the flower we all know as the Hyacinth. This is a good example of people who lose loved ones and keep mementos of them, keeping them in their memories. Apollo and Clytie This is another story of Apollos many love affairs. I speculation he just liked to sow his seeds wildly. Apollo and Clytie were dispiritedly in love. Obliviously happy. thus Apollo did what he knew how to do best, he left-hand(a) Clytie for another woman princess Leucothea. Feeling robbed, Clytie ousted Leucothea to her return who judged that his daughter be buried alive.Clytie judgme nt she would finally have her Apollo back exactly alas this made him turn outside(a) from her for good. Sad as she was, she sit on a rock for days without food, waiting for her beloved and staring at the sky. Clytie suffered and turned brown and yellow, finally turning into a heliotrope flower (it always turns its power point towards the sky). This is an example of going to extreme lengths for love and yes, it often does not end well. Eos and Tithonus afterward world cursed by Aphrodite to be breakingly in love, goddess of the sun, Eos, fell in love with a Trojan Tithonus.Being so enchanted and taken with him, she kidnapped him and took him to Zeus to bear him for immortality for Tithonus. Zeus did give him the immortality that Eos asked for only if in her haste she didnt ask for eternal youth and health for Tithonus. So yes they were together forever barely Tithonus grew aged(a) and older with each passing day. He eventually lost use of his body but he whimpered every so often. In need of preserving her love for him, she turned him into a cicada. To forever sing a pitiable tone to her. Orpheus and EurydiceOrpheus, son of Muse calliope was married to Eurydice. Once, he sailed with the Argonauts meanwhile, back at home, Aristaeus attempted to seduce Eurydice away from Orpheus. But faithful she was. She fled him and unfortunately, she trod on a snake in the grass which bit her and killed her. When Orpheus returned and found his wife dead, he played a song so mournful and sad that the gods and nymphs told him to go to pit and retrieve her. He went to sin and asked for his Eurydice back. Hades agreed and told him that she would follow him back to acres on the one condition that he not look back.As they approached the gates of the underworld, Orpheus couldnt resist. Is she really following me? he vista I cant tell. He couldnt wait to see her face. He turned around and with that he watched her draw away, slip, away from him forever. This story is indicative of what love can do to people. It makes you break the rules because it hurts so bad to abide by those rules. Narcissus and noise The nymph, Echo, was cursed by Hera to be futile to start conversation and to repeat last words uttered by others.She was hopelessly in love with Narcissus, son of a river god who was incredibly handsome as well as incredibly vain. One day Narcissus went hunting and Echo saw him and followed him. Narcissus thought he heard mortal behind him and asked Whos there? and curt Echo, unable to say anything apart from that, replied Whos there? In a last ditch effort to get Narcissus attention, she showed herself to him but he turned her away and went on with his hunting. Heartbroken Echo went into a cave, sat and sadly faded away into winda voice.Narcissus grew thirsty from his hunting and decided to take a drink in the river. He saw his reflection in the pissing and fell in love with it, never knowing that it was HIS reflection. For fear o f destroying the reflection he didnt drink the water and wasted away of thirst, turning into the narcissus flower. I think this is the surpass story because they both died of unrequited love which to me seems like the worst kind of scenario. Echo never cosmos loved by Narcissus and Narcissus never being loved by his reflection. They both died unsatisfied.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.